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|  The challenge for aquaculture in the new millennium is to expand sustainable aquaculture to achieve enhanced food security and economic development for the world's people. There is every prospect that this can be realised if the mechanisms can be found to improve support to existing producers, spread successful methods to new regions, and boost the regional and international transfer of information and technology.Effective governance of aquaculture, one of the fastest growing food-production sectors in the world, is essential for its continued growth and the achievement of its potential. This involves working towards optimal use of scare inputs, to achieve the greatest production of aquatic products taking into consideration competing uses to which those inputs might be put by society. | | |  Many resources used in aquaculture such as water, land, seed, broodstock and feed ingredients are often in scarce supply. This is so because these resources ? or factors of production - are commonly used also in agriculture, an activity with which aquaculture is often integrated, particularly in Asia. It happens that this competition turns into, or is seen as, a conflict between user groups. In most countries these conflicts are settled in the market place, that is trade in factors of production is free. Buyers and sellers set the price and thereby determine use. | | | | However, the sector's use of natural resource use must be managed so as to ensure long term sustainability, which generally means avoiding adverse effects on the environment. However, information on expected or potential environmental impacts of aquaculture is often incomplete. This means that that decisions must be made with incomplete knowledge, requiring the application of a precautionary approach by both farm management and by regulartory organisations. An important aspect in this context is the need for effective disease control, as disease has become a primary constraint to the growth of aquaculture. Intensive culture practices, with poorly controlled use of feed and production of waste, have adversely affected local environments. This has led to recognition of the need for better husbandry practices to protect water quality, which is essential for optimum health and production in aquaculture. | | | | The FAO has published technical guidelines on aquaculture development to promote good practice in aquaculture as part of its programme of implementing the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing. | | | | |
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