| Ecosystem Approaches to Management |
Maintained by NOAA
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| Ecosystem approaches to fishery management |
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 Management actions aimed at conserving the structure and function of marine ecosystems, in addition to conserving the fishery resource.
An ecosystem approach to fishery management aims to protect and rebuild ecosystems, including species and their habitats. It will add to, rather than replace, the approach of managing fish stocks one by one, or “single species” management.
Fisheries management will: - be adaptive,
- be geographically specified,
- take account of ecosystem knowledge and uncertainties,
- consider multiple external influences, and
- strive to balance diverse societal objectives.
The transition to an ecosystem approach to management needs to be incremental and collaborative. Although scientists have been studying ecosystem processes for decades, long term scientific research is still needed.
The precautionary approach and risk-averse policies have been advocated globally as essential to fisheries management. One approach is to demonstrate that fishing practices will not damage the stock, habitat or other ecosystem properties before allowing fishing to increase. This will assist the ecosystem approach to sustain and restore both fisheries and their ecosystems.
Based on Making “Ecosystems” part of NOAA’s shared vocabulary. November 2003. |
| Photo title: Habitat damage: the swath of a boat propeller is clearly visible in this Florida Keys seagrass bed |
| Photo credit: Harold Hudson, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary |
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| Impacts of fisheries on ecosystems |
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 Impacts of fisheries on ecosystems are sometimes difficult to separate from environmental effects on ecosystems. Some of these possible fisheries effects include: - direct impacts of overfishing
- modifying community species composition and genetic diversity through selective targeting on species and particular size classes
- impacts on non-target species through low selectivity of certain gears
- incidental mortality from lost or abandoned gear
- direct impact on the sea bed through trawls and dredges
- destructive illegal “fishing gear” such as dynamite and poisoning.
Marine protected areas can make an important contribution to integrated coastal zone management and ensure improved management of ecosystems.
Shrimp trawling results in bycatch and waste, up to 12 times bycatch for every 1 lb or kilo of shrimp. |
| Photo title: Shrimp trawl catch |
| Photo credit: Norbert Wu, Pew Collection |
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| Other human impacts on ecosystems |
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| Of course, there are human impacts on the marine ecosystem, other than fishing, described within the UN Atlas: |
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| Photo title: Marine debris at Sardinia, Italy |
| Photo credit: Norbert Wu, Pew Collection |
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Fishery Statistics: Reliability and policy implications
by FAO, FAO 01 February 2002 | |
| | 12 February 2002 A recent scientific article in Nature indicated that China?s marine capture fishery production for 1995-1999 has been overstated in Chinese statistics submitted to and published by FAO. The paper states that a consequence of this is that global marine capture fishery production - excluding Peruvian anchoveta - has probably been declining since 1988 rather than remaining fairly constant as indicated by the statistics. According to the authors from the University of British Columbia (UBC), this would have led to understating the degradation of world fisheries and wrong policy and investment decisions. The issue has been subsequently taken up in a number of newspapers and web media including The Economist. While usefully drawing attention of the wider public on the importance of reliable statistics for fisheries management and monitoring, the articles also reflected a number of misconceptions about: (1) FAO?s understanding of Chinese statistics; (2) FAO?s role in global fisheries statistics; and (3) the possible consequences of an over-estimate of China?s fisheries production on global fisheries management advice, policy and contribution to food security. | |
Read more at http://www.fao.org/fi/st ... jan02.asp.
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Serge Garcia
