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|  Tension meters built into the winches allow the skipper to monitor the fishing gear and display information, which indicates any malfunction. Trawlershave the tension on both towing warps displayed so that if the gear comes fast on the bottom an immediate alarm is sounded. Differing tensions on the two warps indicate a malfunction unless this is caused by a change in course. In fact, modern computerized winch controls allow for changes in the warp length, to ensure that the trawl remains in a fishing mode throughout a change of course. In purse seines, sensors give the rate of sinking of different parts of the net during setting which can be important. Other types of fishing gear such as gill netsand longlinescan be installed with automatic readouts fitted on the reels and drums which indicate the length of fishing gear which has been set.Marketing involves the whole chain of links between producers and consumers which determine the relationship between the earnings of producers and the supply of the product. Markets and the transaction systems utilized can vary greatly. Some may be characterized by barter, auctions may characterize others, while futures markets are found for certain products. Because of the short shelf-life of fresh fish, fish markets in some places have responded readily to the use of electronic communications to facilitate the speed of transactions and delivery of the product. Marketing systems often evolve over time, adjusting dynamically to market signals about consumers' needs. If prerequisites for well operating markets are missing, corrective interventions by policy makers can be made.Markets are not uniform. A large number of market segments exist, relating to income, taste, specific needs, and cultural and religious backgrounds, and to combinations of these. The larger and wealthier import markets are demanding more sophisticated products, such as convenience foods and value-added products. In many developing countries most of the higher value fish products are exported and consumer needs are met largely from low value domestic production and imports.Labeling and certification have become increasingly important factors in marketing, either meeting regulatory requirements of the importing countries or targeting particular consumer requirements through labeling products as "organic", "dolphin-safe?, as "fair-trade" items, or "ecolabelling" them as having been produced sustainably.Fish trade, just as with all trades, requires information for its proper development: on sources and types of supply, demands, prices, trade regulations and norms, etc. The Fisheries Department of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) collects and analyses data on trade worldwide. It makes this data available in a variety of ways. GLOBEFISH , the unit in the Fisheries Department responsible for information on the international fish trade, aims to promote trade in fish products by providing up-to-date information on markets and prices, by bringing buyers and sellers together in international conferences, and through training industry and government officials on the quality requirements of the main markets. There are also a large number of regional and national public bodies and fishing industry associations engaged in dissemination of information on trade in fish and fish products. | | | | Use of the Internet has grown rapidly as it offers possibilities of cutting transaction costs, improving efficiency, and expanding trading horizons. The latter offers the advantage to sellers of having a larger number of buyers, and to buyers of having a greater variety of products from different sellers, creating keener price competition. | | | | Seafood e-commerce is expected to continue to grow very rapidly. Many of the internet sites offer extensive information, not just on prices and availability but also on trends in the markets and on other factors that may influence the fish trade. | | | | |
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