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|  Since mankind started to build ships for the purpose of trade and armed conflicts, coastal areas have become even more attractive places to establish settlements and cities. As a result of development, there is increased demand for space stimulating growth of cities and transportation routes. Thus, the impacts of man's activities, both beneficial and detrimental, on the coastal and marine environments have grown over the centuries.The coastal and marine areas are prone to natural and man-made phenomena and conditions that are potentially hazardous to coastal settlements and maritime activities. Hazardous natural phenomena include earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones, volcanic eruptions, the El Niño Southern Oscillation and even the occurrence of red tides. On the other hand, man's activities have also created hazardous conditions such as oil and chemical spills, groundings and collisions including sea level rise that could potentially result in environmental disasters and loss of life and properties.
See More... | | | | Dangerous Phenomena in the Ocean | | |  Waves rise as mountains; And rise to the heavens; And with horror drops glances; Into instantly dug abysses. A disturbing force like passion; does not know of a centre point. Now to the sky; now into the precipice throws; A boat without an oar or rudder. A.K. Tolstoy In the centuries-old chronicle of navigation, it is possible to find much evidence of the struggle of Man against the terrible chaos of the Ocean in literature, paintings and sculpture. These are the impassioned lines of telegraph messages and gripping descriptions of storms and hurricanes, epic paintings by artists and stone monuments to seafarers who have perished in the Ocean. Humans have fought back against violent Ocean chaos by strengthening vessels, finding better and more reliable means of navigation and communication and increasing the power of engines. The foundation for much of this Dangerous Phenomena section is Man and the Ocean, a CD-ROM produced by the Russian Head Department of Navigation and Oceanography (HDNO).
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 | | | | | | | Title | NOAA DOGS (Digital Optimization of Grid Systems)
( WEBSITE )
| | Description | The computer program DOGS (Digital Optimization of Grid Systems) can analyze a large set of bathymetric data and create from it a smaller set of optimized points describing the same geographic region. This smaller data set then can be used on its own as a representation of the area's bathymetry, or as input into other computer programs or Geographical Information Systems. NOAA OR&R oceanographers use DOGS data sets as input to hydrodynamic models that require information about the shape of the sea floor. The output from these models is then used as input into other models that predict the trajectory of pollutants, such as crude oil and refined products, spilled into the ocean. | | Keywords | NOAA; DOGS; DIGITAL OPTIMIZATION; GRID SYSTEMS) | | Geography Keywords | US; USA; UNITED STATES | | Content Language(s) | English | | Web Address (URL) | http://response.restorat ... dogs.html | |
| Type of Website | Institutional website | |
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1076 Topics - 5135 Related Knowledge - 2534 Members - 34 Editors |
