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|  Since mankind started to build ships for the purpose of trade and armed conflicts, coastal areas have become even more attractive places to establish settlements and cities. As a result of development, there is increased demand for space stimulating growth of cities and transportation routes. Thus, the impacts of man's activities, both beneficial and detrimental, on the coastal and marine environments have grown over the centuries.The coastal and marine areas are prone to natural and man-made phenomena and conditions that are potentially hazardous to coastal settlements and maritime activities. Hazardous natural phenomena include earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones, volcanic eruptions, the El Niño Southern Oscillation and even the occurrence of red tides. On the other hand, man's activities have also created hazardous conditions such as oil and chemical spills, groundings and collisions including sea level rise that could potentially result in environmental disasters and loss of life and properties.
See More... | | | | Dangerous Phenomena in the Ocean | | |  Waves rise as mountains; And rise to the heavens; And with horror drops glances; Into instantly dug abysses. A disturbing force like passion; does not know of a centre point. Now to the sky; now into the precipice throws; A boat without an oar or rudder. A.K. Tolstoy In the centuries-old chronicle of navigation, it is possible to find much evidence of the struggle of Man against the terrible chaos of the Ocean in literature, paintings and sculpture. These are the impassioned lines of telegraph messages and gripping descriptions of storms and hurricanes, epic paintings by artists and stone monuments to seafarers who have perished in the Ocean. Humans have fought back against violent Ocean chaos by strengthening vessels, finding better and more reliable means of navigation and communication and increasing the power of engines. The foundation for much of this Dangerous Phenomena section is Man and the Ocean, a CD-ROM produced by the Russian Head Department of Navigation and Oceanography (HDNO).
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 | | | | | | | Title | NOAA Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) Maps
( WEBSITE )
| | Description | ESI maps help spill responders and planners identify vulnerable coastal locations before a spill happens, so that protection priorities can be established and cleanup strategies identified. ESI maps have been developed for the coastal areas of the U.S. and its territories, and for locations in other countries as well. This section describes the type of information that ESI maps contain, shows the status of our print and electronic ESI atlases, tells how to order the atlases, and lets you try an exercise in which you plan a protection strategy for a coastline threatened by an oil spill. | | Keywords | NOAA; ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY INDEX; ESI; MAPS; SPILL | | Geography Keywords | US; USA; UNITED STATES | | Content Language(s) | English | | Web Address (URL) | http://response.restorat ... ntro.html | |
| Type of Website | Institutional website | |
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1076 Topics - 5135 Related Knowledge - 2534 Members - 34 Editors |
