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| | | Coastal and Marine Ecosystems |
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|  The physical modification of natural aquatic inland ecosystemsthrough the damming of rivers or the building of irrigation systems, for example, has often led to the creation of new ecosystems. These activities may also have unintended impacts on marine ecosystems, as seen in the example of the retention of nutrient-rich Nile waters through the building of the Aswan High Dam and the resulting collapse of the sardine fisheryin the Nile Delta.Ecosystems, on which fisheries depend, generally range from coastal areas to the open ocean, from tropical to polar oceans, including some semi-enclosed or enclosed seas. They include the lower end of river watersheds and their plumes, bays, estuaries and lagoons, coral and other reefs, continental shelves and slopes, and upwelling areas. | | |  Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs)are relatively large regions (200 000 km2 or more) of the oceans characterized by distinct bathymetry, hydrography, productivity and trophically dependent populations. | | | | Neither pristine nor exploited ecosystems are static, but are subject to environmental variations. The frequency of these environmental changes and their amplitude vary widely. The greater and more frequent they are, the more significant the implications for productivity and for the management of fisheries. Natural variability adds to the uncertainty that should be considered in managing the harvesting of the resources of an ecosystem. A system's resilience to human impacts and their capacity to recover from serious disturbances varies with such natural cycles. | | | | Of particular significance is the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, a naturally occurring global climate cycle involving complex interactions between the surface of the ocean and the atmosphere in the tropical Pacific. El Niño (warm) and La Niña (cold) events are extreme phases on the ENSO cycle. It has been increasingly accepted that the ENSO phenomenon has a global impact. | | | | Fifty LMEs have now been identified extending across regions encompassing coastal areas from river basins and estuaries to the seaward boundary of continental shelves and the seaward margins of coastal current systems. | | | | |
 | | | | | | | Title | Shrimp farming and the environment
( WEBSITE )
| | Description | The Consortium Program on Shrimp Farming and the Environment has been developed by the World Bank, the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia Pacific (NACA), the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). It supported the preparation of 35 complementary case studies developed through consultation with numerous stakeholders in Asia, Africa and the Americas. The goal of the cases is to document and analyze experience around the world in order to better understand what works, what doesn't and why. The Consortium Program is based on the recommendations of the FAO Bangkok Technical Consultation on Policies for Sustainable Shrimp Culture, the World Bank review on Shrimp Farming and the Environment, and an April 1999 meeting on shrimp management practices hosted by NACA and WWF in Bangkok, Thailand. There are six objectives to the Consortium Program: (1)Generate a better understanding of key issues involved in sustainable shrimp aquaculture; (2) Encourage a debate and discussion around these issues that leads to consensus among stakeholders regarding key issues; (3)Identify better management strategies for sustainable shrimp aquaculture;(4)Evaluate the cost for adoption of such strategies as well as other potential barriers to their adoption;(5)Create a framework to review and evaluate successes and failures in shrimp aquaculture which can inform policy debate on management strategies for sustainable shrimp aquaculture; and (6) Identify future development activities and assistance required for the implementation of improved management strategies that would support the development of a more sustainable shrimp aquaculture industry. The Consortium is giving special attention to poverty, labour and equity issues, and the work will provide an assessment of the use of investments in shrimp farming as a means of alleviating poverty through targeted development interventions in coastal areas. | | Keywords | SHRIMP; AQUACULTURE; ENVIRONMENT; PUBLICATIONS | | Geography Keywords | ASIA-PACIFIC; LATIN AMERICA; MIDDLE EAST; AFRICA | | Content Language(s) | English | | Web Address (URL) | http://www.enaca.org/Shrimp/index.htm | |
| Type of Website | Thematic website | | Contact | | | Email | rohana.subasinghe@fao.org | |
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| Serge Garcia
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1076 Topics - 5135 Related Knowledge - 2534 Members - 34 Editors |
