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|  For effective fisheries information management, it is necessary to promote and agree on standards: thesauri with agreed vocabularies and classifications for indexing, glossaries to ensure definitions of terms, and shared concepts. Norms for data sets content management are under development, including documentation of information quality assurance processes.Fish trade has grown significantly in the last decades, enhanced by improvements in technology, transport and communication and by sustained demand. A large share of fish production enters international marketing channels, with about 33% exported in 1998 (live weight equivalent). Low-income food deficit countries play an active part in this trade and at present represent almost 20% of the value of exports. Developing countries, globally taken, account for nearly 50% of total exports in value terms. Although there is a strong trade of fish and fishery products among the more developed economies, trade tends to flow from the less developed to the more developed countries. There is little trade between developing countries, although regional trade is increasing. | | | | Due to fish perishability, more than 90% of trade of fish and fishery products consists of processed products in one form or another. Live, fresh or chilled fish represent only a small, though growing, share of world fish trade. The growth reflects improved logistics and increased demand. Shrimp is the main commodity traded in value terms, followed by demersal species (e.g. hake, cod, haddock and Alaska pollack), tuna, salmon, small pelagics, cephalopods and fishmeal. | | | | In 1998 the value of trade of fish and fishery products slightly declined compared to previous years. This was probably due to a combination of factors including the global economic crisis that has resulted in less demand and lower commodity prices also in seafood products and in particular lower fish meal production and trade due to decreased catches of anchoveta. | | | | In 1998 total imports of fish and fishery products were US$ 55.0 billion. Japan was again the biggest importer of fishery products, accounting for some 23% of total imports, but Japanese imports of fish and fishery products have declined recently due to the economic recession. The European Union increased further its dependability on imports for its fish supply. The USA, besides being the world's fifth major exporting country, were the second main importer. More than 77% of the import value is concentrated in these three areas. | | | | In 1998, world exports of fish and fishery products amounted to US$ 51.3 billion. Thailand was the leading exporter with US$ 4.0 billion, followed by Norway, Denmark and China. | | | | The FAO database on fishery commodities production and trade is used for preparing the Yearbook of Fishery Statistics - Commodities presenting data series of recent years on the production of processed and preserved fishery products and on quantity and value of imports and exports by more than 110 commodities or commodity groups of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System. This yearbook also gives statistics of the disposition of world catches and direction of trade for selected countries and product groups. | | | | |
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