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International Maritime Organization

Bulk Carrier - Improving Cargo Safety

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Many different products are carried on ships in bulk. Grains, such as wheat, maize, millet and rye have been transported by sea for centuries - the wheat trade between north Africa and Italy was a major economic feature of the Roman Empire, for example. Since the last century, the grain trade has grown in importance and much of it is carried by sea, often on long trans-Atlantic or trans-Pacific voyages.

According to the International Grains Council, in 1996-1997 (July/June) total wheat trade amounted to 91.3 million metric tons, with the biggest exporters being the United States (26.5 million tons). Australia (17.4 million tons) and Canada (17.0 million tons) and the biggest importers being Iran (6.7 million tons), Egypt (6.2 million tons) and Japan (5.3 million tons). In addition, 88.8 million tons of coarse grains including (maize, millet, rye) were shipped in 1996-1997, the largest exporters being United States (53.1 million tons), Argentina (10.6 million tons) and European Union (8.1 million tons) and the largest importers being Japan (20.3 million tons), South Korea (9.2 million tons) and Saudi Arabia (6.3 million tons). Total grains shipped in the year 1996-1997 were therefore 180.1 million tons -- or just over 3,600 panamax-sized (50,000-dwt) shiploads.

Originally grain was transported in sacks, but by the middle of the 20th century the normal procedure was to carry it in bulk. It could be stored, loaded and unloaded easily and the time taken to deliver it from producer to customer was greatly reduced, as were the costs involved. However, there were problems. See More...

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Title

IMO: Publications ( BOOK )

Author(s) / Editor(s)

Description

IMO Publications

Today, IMO has over 200 titles available in English. Many are translated into French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese and Russian.

IMO documents can be downloaded from IMODOCS on the public website

Keywords

MARITIME TRANSPORTATION;

IMO;

SUA;

TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION;

MARINE TELECOMMUNICATIONS;

MARITIME TRANSPORTATION;

DEVELOPMENT OF SHIPBUILDING;

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION;

SAFETY OF NAVIGATION;

SEAFARERS AND MARITIME TRAINING;

MARITIME TRAINING;

SEAFARERS TODAY;

SHIPPING AND WORLD TRADE;

SHIPS OF THE WORLD;

CONTAINERSHIPS;

GENERAL CARGOES AND BULK CARRIERS;

Content Language(s)

Russian; Chinese; Arabic; Spanish; French; English

Web Address

http://www.imo.org/publications/Pages/Home.aspx

Type of Book

Reference Info

Series ID

IMO-462E

Reference Numbers

ISBN	92-801-1241-4

Related to Topics

Transportation and Telecommunication (1855); Marine Telecommunications (14278); Maritime Transportation (14273); Development of Shipbuilding (13730); International Maritime Organization (14333); Safety of Navigation (14573); Seafarers and Maritime Training (14305); Maritime Training (14360); Seafarers Today (14356); Shipping and World Trade (14283); Ships of the World (14299); Containerships (92410); General Cargoes and Bulk Carriers (14363); Tankers and Passenger Ships (14369); Ocean Dumping and Ship Wastes (1876); Dumping at Sea (12572); Dumping of Radioactive Waste at Sea (14113); Emergencies: Transportation and Telecommunication (2347); Shipping Emergencies - Search and Rescue (12557); Shipping Emergencies - The GMDSS (12559); Safety at Sea (2412); Bulk Carrier - Improving Cargo Safety (14213); General Cargo Ships and Safety (12566); Maritime Incidents (92336); Maritime Security (18746); Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea (18343); Places of Refuge (125476); SOLAS Convention (41410); The History of Safety at Sea (12561); Transport of Dangerous Goods (17842); Pollution and Degradation (438); Liability and Compensation for Chemical Pollution (40830); Recycling of ships (89160); Special Areas and Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (55415); Transport and Telecommunication (2354); Air Pollution from Ships (92399); Anti-fouling Systems (93861); Garbage and Sewage Pollution (93872); Hazardous Noxious Substances Pollution from Ships (93836); Oil Pollution from Ships (92388); Ships’ Ballast Water and Invasive Marine Species (93849)

979 Topics - 5229 Related Knowledge - 11257 Members - 47 Editors

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