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| | | Disposal of Waste from Land |
Maintained by UNEP
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| | Disposal of wastewater from land sources | | |  Improperly treated sewage from land activities is a major source of coastal pollution resulting in decreased quality of bathing waters and nutrient enrichment leading to eutrophication. Untreated sewage still enters coastal waters through direct discharge into rivers, streams and sea as well as through soak away pits. Investigations taken in Asia reveal that 30 domestic sewage treatment plants, 65 tributaries and 155 main sections on Huihe River often illegally release excessive wastes into the river. For more information, click here for a report from Peoples Daily Online. | | |  Both air and water pollution have been identified as major problems in Mumbai, by both local authorities such as the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA), and by the World Bank. The World Bank describes Mumbai's air pollution as “severe” and with regard to Mumbai's water pollution states that “about 75 percent of all sewage is untreated and discharged to local waterways and coastal waters, causing extensive environmental hazard” (World Bank 1996 - The Vulnerability of Global Cities to climate Hazards ) | | Photo title: Sewage dumping poses widespread threat to coastal waters | | | | Sewage dumping also poses a widespread threat to coastal waters. More than 2,600 beaches in the United States were closed in 1992 due to sewage pollution. Athens, the capital city of Greece, with a population of 3,693,000 (1995) people, is just one of many cities worldwide that dumps untreated municipal sewage into the sea. (Marine Pollution and Overfishing) Water resources in Lagos for domestic, industries and commercial is becoming scarce as a result of pollution of water bodies by wastewater, which contains heavy metals, bacteria (pathogenic) etc. For more information, using Lagos as an example, click here. | | | | Africa's rich coastal and marine areas are under threat from pollution, an estimated 38 per cent of coastal ecosystems, such as mangrove swamps and coral reefs, are under threat from developments like ports and the growth of coastal settlements and their sewage discharges. (UN Chronicle: Global warming challenges African Development) | | | | |
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| | | Title | Marine Debris as a Global Environmental Problem: Introducing a solutions based framework focused on plastic
( DOCUMENT )
| | Author(s) / Editor(s) |  Thompson, Richard C.; La Belle, Bruce E.; Hindrik Bouwman; Neretin, Lev (STAP) | | Description | The focus of this document is on land-based sources and types of plastic debris which represent the major debris components in many regions of the world. At present, the causes of marine debris are addressed primarily through implementation of waste management practices, such that end-of-pipe solutions are central to action. However this document explores the underlying cause of land-based plastic debris entering the marine environment, specifically production and consumption patterns of our economies. This includes the design and marketing of products without appropriate regard for their environmental fate or ability to be recycled, waste management infrastructure, inappropriate disposal, as well as the geographical separation between production in relatively developed economies, and consumption/disposal, which is global. In this document, the STAP proposes a revised framework in addressing plastic debris that advocates the use of the five R’s (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Redesign and Recover) in a regional context. The document also has a number of specific recommendations for the GEF, including: (i) a proposal to focus on piloting the life cycle approach to plastic debris prevention, reduction, and management in one of the areas covered by the Regional Seas Conventions and Action Plans; and (ii) facilitating a global public-private partnership, a key focus of which would be to reduce the environmental impacts associated with single-use plastics packaging. | | Keywords | MARINE DEBRIS; LAND-BASED POLLUTION; SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ADVISORY PANEL (STAP) OF THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY (GEF) | |
| Content Language(s) | English | |
| Web Address | http://www.unep.org/stap ... bsite.pdf | |
| Type of Document | Information document | | Document Status | Finished | | Publisher | Global Environment Facility | | Publication Location | Washington, DC. | | Publication Date | November 2011 | |
| Series Title | STAP Information Document | |
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| Related to Topics | Disposal of Waste from Land
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979 Topics - 5229 Related Knowledge - 11257 Members - 47 Editors |
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