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| | Indirect use values of mangroves have been defined as "the indirect support and protection provided to economic activity and property by the wetland's natural functions, or regulatory 'environmental' services". The most frequently cited example of an indirect use value of mangrove ecosystems is the support provided to off-site fisheries through their nursery function. Another common use is the protection provided against weather-related damage to productive activities located in or just behind mangrove ecosystems, especially aquaculture or agriculture, and to assets such as housing and infrastructure located inland. | | | | Non-consumptive use values have been defined by the same authors as "neither from current direct or indirect use of the wetland". Non-use values may include, for example, the satisfaction an individual derives from knowing that mangroves continue to exist and is sometimes referred to as existence value. Another possible motive of non-use value is the desire to preserve mangrove ecosystems for future generations (bequest value). | | | | Non-consumptive use of a small area of mangrove in Pagbilao Bay, Philippines, has been valued. Although the total global area of mangrove cover is declining rapidly, the contribution of the 110 in Pagbilao Bay to the continued existence of mangrove ecosystems is limited. It is therefore unlikely that people will be willing to pay a substantial amount for its preservation, unless it was one of the last remaining mangrove areas. Some highly unusual or unique characteristics of the area may mean that non-use values might be high. Pagbilao Bay is one of the most species diverse and is crucial in the migration paths through the Philippines of the Brahminy kite (Haliastur indus). | | | | |
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