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| Exercising national jurisdiction over natural resources - such as fishstocks, water or land - enables a state, either directly or through delegated authority, to reduce or eliminate the risk of overuse and other degradations. This is achieved inter alia by controlling access to the resources: implicitly or explicitly allocating the resources to selected individuals or groups of people. Allowing some to access and use the resources, while excluding others, creates rights to the stream of benefits that arise from the use of the resource. However, property- or use-rights in fisheries is often controversial because of differing interpretations of the concept, the variety of forms that property rights might take, and equity problems occurring when rights are created.
At international level, governance arrangements are often inadequate and do not result in effective management of fisheries. Reasons often include: - weak decision-making mechanisms;
- ineffective enforcement and conflict resolution;
- ecosystem and jurisdiction boundaries do not coincide;
- and, in most developing regions, a lack of human and financial resources.
The relationship between environmental and fisheries conventions and agreements is also a problem. Issues that are frequently raised in relation to good governance practices are the use of subsidies in fisheries, participation and transparency of management, and illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. However, a number of important international instruments adopted during the last decade of the 20th century have improved the governance framework. The 1995 UN Fish Stocks Agreement and FAO's Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing are among the most important of them. Similarly, the FAO International Plans of Action (IPOAs) adopted by FAO member states improve the likelihood of improved governance of fisheries. | | | | |
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| Fishery Statistics: Reliability and policy implications
by FAO, FAO 01 February 2002 | |
| | 12 February 2002 A recent scientific article in Nature indicated that China?s marine capture fishery production for 1995-1999 has been overstated in Chinese statistics submitted to and published by FAO. The paper states that a consequence of this is that global marine capture fishery production - excluding Peruvian anchoveta - has probably been declining since 1988 rather than remaining fairly constant as indicated by the statistics. According to the authors from the University of British Columbia (UBC), this would have led to understating the degradation of world fisheries and wrong policy and investment decisions. The issue has been subsequently taken up in a number of newspapers and web media including The Economist. While usefully drawing attention of the wider public on the importance of reliable statistics for fisheries management and monitoring, the articles also reflected a number of misconceptions about: (1) FAO?s understanding of Chinese statistics; (2) FAO?s role in global fisheries statistics; and (3) the possible consequences of an over-estimate of China?s fisheries production on global fisheries management advice, policy and contribution to food security. | |
Read more at http://www.fao.org/fi/st ... jan02.asp.
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