Ecotourism
Much has been written about ecotourism, but there is little consensus about its meaning, due to the many forms in which ecotourism activities are offered by a large and wide variety of operators, and practised by an even larger array of tourists. A clear distinction should be made between the concepts of ecotourism and sustainable tourism: the term ecotourism itself refers to a segment within the tourism sector, while the sustainability principles should apply to all types of tourism activities, operations, establishments and projects, including conventional and alternative forms. In the field, well- planned and managed ecotourism has proven to be one of the most effective tools for long-term conservation of biodiversity when the right circumstances are present. While still relatively small, ecotourism is one of the fastest growing segments of the tourism industry. However, for ecotourism activities to be sustainable, they must be managed properly and with special care. Unless properly managed, the impacts of ecotourism (for example, to remote pristine areas) may be worse than those of tourism to clearly defined and confined resorts.
While there is not a universal definition for ecotourism, its general characteristics can be summarised as follows:
- All nature-based forms of tourism in which the main motivation of the tourists is the observation and appreciation of nature as well as the traditional cultures prevailing in natural areas.
- It contains educational and interpretation features.
- It is generally, but not exclusively organised for small groups by specialised and small, locally owned businesses. Foreign operators of varying sizes also organise, operate and/or market ecotourism tours, generally for small groups.
- It minimises negative impacts upon the natural and socio-cultural environment.
- It supports the protection of natural areas.
As a development tool, ecotourism can advance the three basic goals of the Convention on Biological Diversity:
- conserve biological (and cultural) diversity, by strengthening protected area management systems (public or private) and increasing the value of sound ecosystems;
- promote the sustainable use of biodiversity, by generating income, jobs and business opportunities in ecotourism and related business networks, and
- share the benefits of ecotourism developments equitably with local communities and indigenous people, by obtaining their informed consent and full participation in planning and management of ecotourism businesses.
Based on: UNEP IYE Leaflet