|
Disease |
Disability adjusted |
Corresponding economic losses (rounded) |
|
Marine exposures |
||
|
Contaminated bathing water |
400,000-800,000 |
1,200-2,400 |
|
Contaminated shellfish |
3,500,000-7,000,0S00 |
10,000-20,000 |
|
Disease |
||
|
Tuberculosis |
38,000,000 |
115,000 |
|
Malaria |
31,000,000 |
95,000 |
|
Diabetes |
11,000.000 |
35,000 |
|
Trachea, Brachia and Lung cancer |
8,800,000 |
26,000 |
|
Stomach cancer |
7,700,000 |
23,000 |
|
Intestinal nematodes |
5,000,000 |
15,000 |
|
Upper respiratory tract infections |
1,300,000 |
4,000 |
|
Trachoma |
1,000,000 |
3,000 |
|
Onchocherciasls |
900,000 |
2,700 |
|
Dengue fever |
750,000 |
2,200 |
|
Japanese encephalitis |
740,000 |
2,200 |
|
Chagas disease |
660,000 |
2,000 |
|
Leprosy |
380,000 |
1100 |
|
Diphtheria |
360,000 |
1100 |
Source: Shuval, HI. 1999. Scientific, economic and social aspects of the impact of pollution in the marine environment on human health – a preliminary quantitative estimate of the global disease burden. Unpublished report prepared for the Division on the Protection of the Human Environment, World Health Organization and GESAMP 28 pp. (14 August 1999).
From: GESAMP70:7
GESAMP (IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection). 2001. A sea of troubles. Rep. Stud. GESAMP No. 70, 35 pp. ISBN 82-7701-010-9.