Technical Options
Treatment plants are not a universal solution
Treatment plants are the most commonly propounded measure to address environmental degradation from sewage. Such treatment can indeed be highly effective, but should not be seen as a universal solution.
In many situations, particularly in the developing world, there are simpler, less capital-intensive, and more financially and technically sustainable alternatives that may provide better environmental outcomes, both with respect to sewage pollution and by allowing investment to be diverted to address other environmental problems.